Monday, April 27, 2020
Writing an Essay Topic For Middle School - How to Succeed
Writing an Essay Topic For Middle School - How to SucceedWhen you are writing an essay for middle school, don't get discouraged. It is still possible to do it and the key to writing a persuasive essay topic for middle school PDF, is to look for some of the ideas you have in your head. Remember, as long as you know where you are going, you will get there.Think about the future that you want for yourself and your children. They may not know what the future holds, but you will. So what are you going to do about it? Well you might be thinking about getting a scholarship or doing something else that may not seem very promising.Or, you might be thinking about going to college and starting on the next stage of your life. No matter what the future holds, that is not the point. And you should be sure to plan it out before you leave the comfort of your own home. You may have to spend money on the tools and things you need. But who said the right things about your future.Now if you are starting off at the middle school level, then you can get a scholarship. And when you get a scholarship for middle school, you can go to college and start over. Even though a lot of people will tell you that getting a scholarship for college is expensive, when you look at it, it is well worth it.You can make a point with your persuasive essay topics for middle school PDF, because you are getting something out of it. That means that if you have been in a position where you can't afford to go to college, then why not give it a try.You will be surprised at how well you do with your school essay topics for middle school PDF.The main thing is to have fun with it. Remember, this is one of the most important things that you will ever do in your life.So if you have never thought about these persuasive essay topics for middle school PDF, I suggest you do it now. This could change your life. If you are like me, then you will be looking for ways to get that scholarship and help get your kids off to a good start.
Some Good Political Science Research Paper Topics
Some Good Political Science Research Paper TopicsThere are many different political science research paper topics that you can write about in order to complete your degree requirements. These topics are typically the most important to choose, because they are the ones that will be the most relevant to your future career. When you write a political science research paper, you will need to make sure that the topic that you choose is one that is meaningful to you.There are several different political science research paper topics that you can choose from. They include writing an academic research paper, writing a thesis paper, or writing a non-academic research paper. You can also use the topics that you write to help you set up a thesis. Theses are generally the most difficult to obtain, as they are usually accompanied by a dissertation.You will also need to choose a topic that is meaningful to you. It will help you to make the most sense of your ideas and your research if they are imp ortant to you. The more personal the topic is to you, the easier it will be for you to express yourself in the paper. It will also help you remain connected to the topic that you choose, which will help you to keep writing the topic for future generations.If you have no idea what topic to choose, the next best thing that you can do is to have a brainstorming session with yourself. What do you think is the most meaningful to you? Write down as many ideas as you can. Then sit down and discuss your ideas, and determine which ones seem to be most significant to you.Once you have decided on the political science research paper topics that you would like to write about, the next step is to choose a topic that is most likely to interest the university or college that you are applying to. Although this process is not exactly as easy as choosing your major, it will give you a great idea of the types of subjects that you will be required to write about in order to be successful. Knowing what type of subject you will be writing about will also help you determine whether or not you should choose to write your paper in English or in your own language. Keep in mind that, although English is the most commonly used language, your subject will be evaluated based on the level of your writing skills.After you have decided on the political science research paper topics that you want to write about, you will need to learn how to write effectively. It is best to work with a tutor to help you with this process. You will need to have good oral communication skills, as well as good written and verbal skills. It will help you write more quickly and more efficiently.The political science research paper topics that you choose will greatly impact your future. By choosing the best possible political science research paper topics, you will be able to make sure that you will be able to successfully finish your degree program.
Movie Analysis Essay - Basic Guidelines
Movie Analysis Essay - Basic GuidelinesIf you're interested in learning the basics of movie analysis and want to see if it can help you in a real world situation, then this is the right essay for you. It is meant to give you an understanding of the history and the themes of a movie. If you're interested in movies and you have some knowledge about movie reviews and things that are related to the movies, then you can successfully finish this essay.The first part of the essay is related to your reaction to the movie. After that, you can start analyzing the movie by answering some basic questions. Make sure you know the specific keywords that the word or phrase in the question is related to. Don't worry, I will explain it to you in a minute.The second part of the essay is related to the story and the background of the movie. This part will help you understand the theme of the movie and how it relates to the story. This part should be interesting for you because it will be showing the sto ry that is related to the movie.The last part of the essay should be about your reaction to the movie after you finish reading the question. You can answer this question as you would with any other question.The last part of the essay is the easiest part of all the essay sample because you do not have to take a survey or a real life test. Just make sure that you remember what you answered in the previous parts of the essay. Otherwise, you may forget it and you don't want that!The essay should not take more than three minutes per paragraph. If you feel that you don't have enough time, then cut it up into several paragraphs and post it all in one document. If you don't have enough time to complete the entire essay, just read the first paragraph and go from there.You will need to turn it in on the date indicated in the template. After that, you will get a response by email. It may take a while, but you will also get a feedback. Once you finished the entire essay, you can either summariz e the information you just read in the essay, take a test and get good grades or go ahead and write an essay of your own.
Saturday, April 18, 2020
The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Different Aims of Punishment Essay Example
The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Different Aims of Punishment Essay The definition of crime is breaking the laws set by the State and the general agreement of people is that if someone commits a crime they should be punished in some way. Punishment practices are ancient; we accept them without question. However, punishment requires justification, as it is an infliction of pain upon an individual. What is the justification of punishment? What are its aims? Before the aims of punishment can be discussed why people commit crimes should be examined to further understand how we should punish. Some people believe that all human actions are caused by factors outside human control, these people are hard determinists. John Locke, a philosopher, believed moral choice was an illusion. He gave the example of a man sleeping in a locked room, man wakes and decides to stay in the room, he thinks he has a free choice to do so but he does not know it is locked. His ignorance makes him believe he has a choice. This relates to punishment and punishment must presuppose moral blame. No person can be held morally blameworthy if they have no freedom of choice. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Different Aims of Punishment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Different Aims of Punishment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Different Aims of Punishment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This suggests punishment is irrelevant as no one can be held responsible for his or her actions. Clarence Darrow, a US attorney who was also a determinist argued just that point. In 1924 two youths kidnapped and murdered a 14 year old boy, Darrow pleaded for mercy on the grounds that it was the boys environment that was the cause of their crime. Darrow was successful in his argument; the boys were saved from death. Darrow was not suggesting that the criminals shouldnt be punished as one aim of punishment is to protect society, but he questioned the common assumption that criminals are morally responsible for what they do. Libertarians do not reject determinism completely but they do deny the principle of universal causation, which states that human actions can be predicted. They distinguish between personality and moral self. A person may be pre-disposed to steal because of their personality but their moral self may stop them from doing so. So Libertarians would see the aim of punishment to penalise criminals as they can be held morally accountable for their actions. John Stewart Mill states that we use the past as an excuse for ones actions as we fear the responsibility of freedom, but the past does influence our actions. One aim of punishment is as a deterrent and this is stated in the utilitarian theory. This looks at the consequences of punishment and decides if the punishment is right or wrong by the principle of utility, which is if it does or does not increase the sum total of human happiness. A famous Utilitarian Bentham said punishment involves pain so it is an evil, however it is justifiable if the increase in pain for the criminal leads to the prevention of crime therefore an increase in societys happiness. He saw punishment as an instrument for good with a deterrent effect. The infliction of pain is motive not to re-offend. it also includes the final incapacitation, imprisonment or death. Punishment also protects society by making it physically impossible to re-offend. Another approach to punishment is the Deontological theory. In this theory the aim of punishment is retribution. The theory states a punishment should fit a crime, that it is unjust to impose a sentence on a criminal which they didnt deserve, for example if a few drivers who parked illegally were hung others would be deterred but this would be unjust. This theory believes that there is a moral imbalance caused by crime which must be corrected by punishment and it concentrates on the criminal rather than the victim. The retributive theory is similar to the Old Testament views on punishment, e. g. an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth. The idea being that the criminal must repay society that an injustice would be done if someone could inflict pain without having it inflicted upon him. Here retribution links in with the utilitarian theory as retribution also has a deterrent effect. If you know that chopping off a mans hand leads to you losing your hand, then you would think twice about doing it. The idea of retribution is appealing to the general public, for example hanging a Nazi war criminal forty years after his crime had been committed. No victims would be brought back to life, but it would be seen that he had paid for his crimes with his life. Cant, a German philosopher, believed executions were necessary unless society decided to forget all about injustice, unless murderers are executed people would behave like justice didnt matter. R. S. Downie was also an advocate of the retributive theory. He said that this theory is often seen as barbarism but provides a safeguard against the inhumane sacrifice of the individual for the social good. Brunner sees the theory of punishment also in Biblical terms. He sees punishment as achieving a moral balance similar thinking as the atonement of our sins. Brunner believed the penal system is flawed and the guilty should make expiation for their offences. De Wolf was also a Christian thinker and in his work Crime and Justice in America he attempted to show a Christian perspective on the Criminal Justice System. He listed a set of ethical norms of criminal justice by which our system should be evaluated. Consistence and coherence with realities. Benevolent good will and respect towards all person. Equal rights for all persons. Presumption of innocence. Special care to protect poor, weak and unpopular from unfair treatment. Restoration of community and responsibility of all individuals to the community. An opposing view on the aims of punishment is the idea of rehabilitation and reform. Here the focus is on the criminal, someone who couldnt cope with society due to a weakness. In helping them society will benefit, society should help them overcome their negative tendencies. Society should find a way to change them or reform them to bring them back to Society. Controlling or suppressing criminal tendencies, re-education or psychological treatment can do this. The idea is that the criminal is sick rather than wicked and needs help rather than punishment. It can be seen, as utilitarian in its outlook as it aims to have an improving effect on people, which in turn will benefit Society. In the Bible God punishes to reform the wicked happy indeed is the man who God corrects. In the 19th Century Christians used solitary confinement to achieve rehabilitation. Criminals had time to think about their evil deeds and repent. Prisoners were shut away from each other and cared for by chaplains. The Reformation and Rehabilitation theory disagreed with other ideas of the aims of punishment as they see prisons as a place where criminals enhance their criminal skills. How can you teach someone to be free when they are behind bars? The Reform and Rehabilitation theory believes in alternatives to traditional punishment, for example, probation, parole and community service, the latter even benefits society. An advocate of this theory was Crook. He saw punishment and crime as the responsibility of society. He suggested that everyone is responsible for the actions, but they are influenced by society. He believed it was possible to predict persons actions so therefore society should share in the responsibility for the offenders crime. He saw our legal system as wrong as individuals pay the price at the hands of our system. He believed society must pay the price of correcting these dangerous and destructive situations. John Hospers discussed a compromise view in which he combined retribution and reformation. He was a determinist and as such he saw men as not responsible for their actions, if a man commits murder because he ate a certain combination of foods, for example ham and cheese, we could not hold him morally responsible for his crime as it would be the ham and cheese which made him do it. He believed punishment should meet two conditions, that it should be deserved and that it should do well to someone the victim, the offender, society or all three. To meet the latter he suggested that the penal system shouldnt focus on punishment but treatment. He does not state he is a Christian thinker but his ideas are in line with Christian ideology. The philosopher Moberlys ideas were on a par with Hospers ideas. Moberly produced a theory, which combined elements of the retributive and reform aspects of punishment. He envisaged punishment as a form of ritual or mirror to bring criminals to their senses by representing crudely the moral deterioration, which had already taken place within them. Moberly believed the criminal had inflicted a wound upon society. He thought the penalty inflicted must symbolise and be felt to symbolise a double role of punishment, so imprisonment means the person imprisoned is unsuited to membership of society, however Moberly felt that the punishment in relation to the crime is artificial. He saw serious limitations to the effectiveness of punishment. He believed that there are authorities far too amoral to impose punishment and some criminals are too incorrigible and incapable from benefiting from it. At the other end of the scale he saw a intermediate moral region people who are truly repentant and communities too morally advanced to need punishment. Moberly sees that some criminals may not benefit from punishment but they still need to be taken out of circulation to protect the public. However, Moberly does not think that the people segregated from society should be left to rot in low quality prisons. In conclusion these theories seem to stand up on their own merit at first glance, but on closer inspection it is clear they have their flaws. The utilitarian aim of punishment is as a deterrent; however, it does not always deter people. Prisons are often just universities of crime simply making matters worse. Also the fear of punishment can lead to crime for example someone stealing money to prevent going to jail for not paying a fine. The theory of deterrence can be used to justify punishing the innocent on the grounds that it serves to deter others. The utilitarian idea assumes we have a legal system that will produce good results, but the threat of punishment is not very effective in reducing crime or preventing serious crimes such as murder or rape. The philosopher Hoose believed the deterrent effect does have some effect on crime but that it is far from automatic. He pointed out that when the death penalty was abandoned in Canada the homicide rate went down. The Dentological view that retribution is the aim of punishment also has criticisms as it could be seen as the harshest of all the aims of punishment. Gandhi said that if the retributive theory and eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth was used throughout the world the world would soon be blind and toothless. Christians should see that the retributive theory is wrong as Jesus taught forgiveness and co-operation not retribution only God has righteousness and judgement. Also many people argue that all retribution does is satisfy a primitive and barbarous desire for revenge. In Exodus it states an eye for an eye but how do we determine which punishment fits which crime? How long should the punishment be? This theory has too many unanswerable questions. Karl Menninger believed retribution was immoral and ineffective. He saw it as useless and expensive. He believed in rehabilitation and reform as he saw the criminal as a patient and that crime was a disease that people could be cured of. However, the theory of rehabilitation and reform is not without its critics. C. S. Lewis stated rehabilitation and reform does not really have an effect on people, that it is pointless. Some people are beyond help. Can a man who rapes and kills his family be helped? The theory in question also overlooks social advantages of deterrents. If there were not deterrents then how could psychologists and prison officers cope with the sheer numbers that would need help. As with the retributive theory the question of how long a punishment should be arises. A murderers chance of a repeat offence is low but a thief is much more likely to repeat his offence. Should the thief be given a longer sentence than the murderer? Also recent statistics by the prison reform trust show that probation and community service have not proved more effective than prison in stopping re offending. For example 57% of men and 40% of women discharged from prison in 1987 re offended in two years. The figures for probation and community service were 56% men, 37% women, 55% men, and 41% women re offended. The re-offending rate of prisoners is more than those in community service but not on a large enough scale to make a difference. This theory is supposed to be about reform but the way criminals are cured by mind altering drugs, surgery or brain washing is not reform. It is just creating a brand new person. The criminal loses the right to be him or herself in that case. C. S Lewis also stated his humanitarian theory, that in rehabilitation and reform the criminal becomes the case and not a person subject to rights. I believe that the most feasible of the aims of punishment is that put forward by Moberly and Hospers. Their views of compromise seem to be a very logical aim of punishment. Their ideas do not over punish criminals nor do they leave the victims feeling as if justice has not been served. Moberly also suggests that in some cases punishment may not be necessary. Retributivists however, may advocate punishment is a duty in all circumstances, but surely if in a particular case punishment would probably make matters worse and an alternative action, for example kindness, would improve matters, the morally right course of action would be the latter.
Saturday, March 14, 2020
Taobao Case Analysis Essays
Taobao Case Analysis Essays Taobao Case Analysis Essay Taobao Case Analysis Essay Question 1: What are the major differences in the web designs of Taobao and eBay in China? Which is preferred to on-line buyers and sellers in China? Why? Taobao sought to distinguish itself from eBay in numerous ways. So Taobaoââ¬â¢s web designs were imbued with a strong local culture that reflected a deep understanding of Chinese consumers and an attitude of informality. First of all, the website was designed like a Chinese department store. Taobaoââ¬â¢s web designs are with strong colors, a little bit noisy, with lots of links. For example, they designed menââ¬â¢s and womenââ¬â¢s navigation tab, to make it more suitable for Chinese customers. The following are Taobao and eBayââ¬â¢s homepage on November 4,2010. Taobaoââ¬â¢s Homepage: eBAYââ¬â¢s home page: Secondly, Taobao also developed a number of mechanisms on the website to help creat the trust between sellers and buyers because in China, even in business, affect- and cognition-based trust are highly intertwined. Sellers need to register using their ID and bank account information. * Taobao allowed buyers and vendors to provide feedback for each other and distinguished a personââ¬â¢s score as a seller and a buyer while eBay only has one score for one user. * Taobao introduced Alipay in 2004. Alipay is an escrow service designed to eliminate settlement risk among trading parties. Lastly, Taobao also embedded an IM service, Wangwang, in its website to facilitate communication between buyers and sellers and between users and the company. Wangwang allows buyers to directly haggle with sellers. This service reduced the communication problems of Taobao tremendously, compared to eBay. Due to the better understanding of Chinese culture and Chinese customers, Taobaoââ¬â¢s website designs are preferred by Chinese eyes because it reflected how Chinese shoppers think. Question 2: Why did Taobao establish the Alipay system? Why did not eBay establish such a system when its market share in China was still high? The whole reason for Alipay goes back to the issue of trust between buyers and ellers. Initially, Taobao had issues with buyers paying, and never receiving the item. The solution was to create an intermediary service that received the payment, held the payment until the buyer received the shipment, and then released the funds to the seller. This system created trust between the buyer and seller, allowing them to work together under the guidance of a third party. Taobao understood the importance of offering payment mec hanisms as part of their service, because of Chinaââ¬â¢s poorly developed e-business infrastructure. Ma and his team also had longstanding relationship with Chinese government officials and leaders in the Chinese banking industry, which gave him the support of existing financial institutions. Part of Ebayââ¬â¢s issue was a lack of understanding of some of the differences between doing business in China and the US. When a person signs a contract in the US, it is strongly protected by the rule of law, and the seller is liable if they donââ¬â¢t fulfill their orders. In contrast, Chinaââ¬â¢s rule of law is much weaker, with little recourse if a person doesnââ¬â¢t fulfill a contract. In China, people are much more comfortable dealing in cash, and actually used Taobao to arrange offline meetings to exchange payment and goods. In addition, the whole idea of ecommerce was a new concept in China, and Ebay assumed that people in China were as familiar with it as people in the US. While Ebay had Paypal, it didnââ¬â¢t provide strong enough protection for the Chinese customer or seller. Alipay introduced several protection mechanisms other than the double-confirmation system. It connected an Alipay account to a personââ¬â¢s national identity card, minimizing the risk of fraudulent accounts. Alipay also worked with logistics companies to organize transportation of goods. Besides, many Internet users dislike eBay because its Paypal did not seamlessly integrate escrow into the sales process like Taobaoââ¬â¢s Alipay made escrow as an important component of the online buying experience. Only when losing lots of market shares to Taobao, did eBay recognize this fact and made attempts to incorporate escrow but it was too late to regain lost market shares. Question 3: Why can not Harvard MBA graduates beat the locally educated managers in China in this Taobao case? Even the best CEOs who graduated from the prestigious Harvard Business School make bad acquisitions. Whatââ¬â¢s notable about Meg Whitmanââ¬â¢s career at eBay, however, is how her record cleaves into two neat parts: She did well during the companys go-go growth stage, but much less well as the company became large and mature. Early on, Whitman recognized that China offered stupendous opportunities for new growth. In 2003, eBay purchased the Beijing-based EachNet auction site. Three years and $300 million later, eBay shut down its China site. What are the reasons to this embarrassing failure of a management team most of whom were Harvard MBA graduates while their competitors are locally-educated managers in China? The main reason is those HBS graduates lack the understanding of cultural and legal context in China. Firstly, they kept the same platform as for US. However, this sparse site was not what Chinese shoppers like. In the meanwhile, Jack Ma was so successful in Taobao design by imbuing Taobao with a strong local culture that reflected a deep understanding of Chinese consumers who prefer busy web designs with strong colors and lots of links. Secondly, eBay management team did not recognize the importance of building up trust which is critical to business culture in china. Later attempts by eBay to incorporate escrow to their payment system were too late to regain lost market shares. Besides, initially eBay did not allow buyers and sellers to communicate directly while Taobao from the very beginning allows for direct instant messaging between the two parties. It was said that while TaoBaoââ¬â¢s no-fee policy hurt eBay, the falloff was not precipitous. What caused a customer exodus was a major strategic error, combined with bungling by eBayââ¬â¢s corporate bureaucracy, which failed to react quickly to mounting problems. Whitman envisioned a ââ¬Å"global villageâ⬠to create one universal eBay site. For a year, eBay and EachNet worked on a transition plan to switch from EachNetââ¬â¢s China technology platform to the system in the United States. EBay traffic would flow back and forth between the two countries; previously, the China traffic had mostly stayed in China. It was said to be a great vision, but a terrible business strategy. The data capacity of overseas Internet pipes couldnââ¬â¢t handle all the traffic; loading speeds on the site slowed dramatically. Furthermore, the overseas traffic received more scrutiny from Chinaââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"great firewallâ⬠- a system of government filters that screens for political contentwhich further slowed eBayââ¬â¢s China site. Whitmanââ¬â¢s campaign said, ââ¬Å"Meg and her top executives moved to China for monthsâ⬠during the summer of 2005 to make the endeavor work and noted that Google and Yahoo faced extreme difficulty in China as well. However, despite those efforts, by late 2006, eBay shut its China site while buying a minority stake in Tom Online, a tiny auction market player whose market share today is in the single digits. In other words, Whitman and her management team accepted the failure to their locally-educated competitors from Taobao. Question 4: Can the Taobao model (C2C) apply to the B2B market in China? Why and why not? It would be fairly difficult to apply a C2C model to a B2B market because the business model is complete different, and the customer / users are totally different as well. Since the business model should be designed to meet target customersââ¬â¢ demand and needs, we wouldnââ¬â¢t suggest applying Taobao model to the B2B market in China. Like what is mentioned in the case, Alibaba Group has two platforms designed for C2C and B2B market: Alibaba and Taobao. Alibaba provide companiesââ¬â¢ information for users to find a business partner. They know that credibility is important, so they introduced TrustPass service later on. On the other hand, Taobao is designed exclusively for a C2C market. Users can find each otherââ¬â¢s products through the platform, and the team designed the Webpage according to usersââ¬â¢ culture preference and habits. As we can see, for different targets, we need different strategies and methods. However, it is of course beneficial to learn from Taobao experience if a company wants to aim on a B2B market. For example, it is very important to KNOW your target customers. When Taobao was starting, they knew that if they want to beat their rival (eBay), they need to provide a core value that is unique and appealing to the users of a auction website. They study the preference of Chinese users and make web pages attractive to them. The other thing to learn from Taobao is the importance to provide a secure buy and sell system. In order to make sure that customers who make the payment would receive the products they purchase, Taobao introduced Alipay so that the seller wouldnââ¬â¢t receive the payment until the buyer gets the product.
Thursday, February 27, 2020
Using antibiotics on dairy herds. Im going in favor of this process Research Paper
Using antibiotics on dairy herds. Im going in favor of this process - Research Paper Example About 1.3 million human clinical salmonellosis case and more than 500deaths that are associated with this salmonella may occur annually in the US alone. Therefore there is a need to use antibiotics in daily herds to control these strains most of which are drug resistant to reduce these effects from the daily products to humans. The use of antibiotics has over the time portrays success in controlling diseases and other pathogens from the daily herds to humans. A study by Church et al, (4220) concerning the treatment of intra mammary infections that were infected by minor pathogens such as Corynebacteruium boris portrayed that that though dry milk periods aided in milk production, there were no considerable effects on milk production related to udder health in short dry period and long dry period, treatment of the intramammary infections could only be treated using antibiotics. The use of antibiotics has therefe been considered and found to be the most effective methods through which bacterial infection in both daily and other herds can be approached with due to the growing resistance of some bacterial strains. These strains continually develop resistance to major drugs in the market. Hartzell et al (763) explain that the Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was first recognized as a food borne pathogen in 1982. This or ganism has spread over time and is highly virulent and can lead to debilitating and deadly disease that include hemolytic uremic syndrome (Relay et al 1983 as quoted in Hartzell et al, 763). This organism does not have an effect on cattle though it colonizes the intestinal tract of cattle. Such organisms are passed to humans though fecal matter, ground beef, raw milk, lettuce spinach and other related plants that cow dung may be used as a fertilizer. Sanderson et al (781) argues that Salmonella causes gastrointestinal illness in both livestock and humans. This is another
Monday, February 10, 2020
Select two manufacturing multinational firms (one from the US, one Essay
Select two manufacturing multinational firms (one from the US, one from Europe) and select two services multinational firms (one - Essay Example The discussion shall compare and contrast the internationalization process of the both sectors by discussing representative multinationals from the continents. Internationalization is perceived to be the process of enhancing organizational involvement in the international market. Unilever is based in United Kingdom and Netherlands. Unilever has an international presence lasting for decades. The internalization of the manufacturing multinational has been driven by renowned imperatives. They include growth, knowledge, efficiency, globalization of consumers and competitors. The company has a market presence in more than 150 countries and over 220, 000 employees. The company has been labeled as both multi-local and multinational because of a heavy presence in the domestic and international markets. The internationalizations strategy involved adapting local market differences. The strategic team targeted the optimal locations for product launches and resources in the foreign markets. Unli ke the internationalization plan for Barclays which involved joint-ventures with domestic firms, Unilever embarked majorly on acquisitions to expand the sphere of influence (Edwards & Rees 2006). The management believed that the company needed to have a direct response to the customers through production of superior products (Altinay & Roper 2007). A telling example is in Latin America where Unilever used the ULA strategy. The Unilever Latin America) strategy involved implementation of common processes, innovation and leadership. This caused the multinational to become the market leader in four countries in the region. However, when it came to opening branches, the Unilever tends to have shared a similar strategy with Barclays. Unilever has head offices in every foreign market location (Hill 2002). These regional branches are semi-autonomous (Boome & Riley 2011). The top level management of the multinational has been trying to review the strategy because extreme decentralizations ha ve been counterproductive in the internalization process. The strategic team is targeting the emerging and developing markets in the internationalization plan. In manufacturing sector it is easier to develop products tailored for consumers than in service sector. Therefore, the multination has been able to target different income groups (Boome & Riley 2011). Barclayââ¬â¢s depended on intermediaries in many emerging markets. This means most of the branches were stationed in major urban centers, where infrastructure supported. Unilever believes that a seamless international development would be effective (Altinay & Roper 2007). This company hopes to use technology to synchronize data and automate systems. The management has been countering threats in specific domestic markets while rolling out internationalization strategy. Some of the solutions have been obtained through transplant learning. Unilever has ensures that the retail stores are close the end user. Internationalization p rocess must address the complexities that arise from ineffective supply chains (Battilossi & Cassis 2002). Banking sectors in heavily dependent of technology. Barclays has been affected be unhealthy foreign laws and extreme exchange rates. Studies show that banking sectors is subject to multiple regulations (Boome & Riley 2011). Unilever has established a rapport with consumers directly.
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